“Because it’s 100% electric, we’ve been able to remove all the old constraints of the combustion engine,” said Bell. “We very much took a first-principles approach to it. You will see the highest level of supremely well-integrated technology coming together in these products.”

The EX60 is likely to broadly match the dimensions of the XC60 (pictured below), the brand’s best-selling car.

Bell said the SPA3 is “a big step from a mechanical perspective, but from a software electronics perspective it’s a straight evolution”.

He added: “All the work we’re putting into the EX90 will go directly into the SPA3 cars as well. It’s basically the same software stack.

“SPA3 is designed from the beginning to be much more scalable, in size and price point and across regions, but also scalable in volume.

“It’s designed for scale in every dimension: when it comes to size, my job is to make sure that the company has optionality. We are designing [the SPA3] to be scalable from B to F [segments], to make sure that we have flexibility and that we can launch the products that markets decide they want when they want it.”

Since all future new Volvo models will share the same basic tech stack, Bell added that it will allow for more focused and rapid development. “Because it’s all one technology stack, there’s no repeat of work,” he said. “It’s the same software stack, same basic electrical architecture. Yes, it’s scalable in size, price and capabilities, but it’s not spreading our products in different ecosystems.